EA Growth Locked-Down Again
We said: We expect a double-dip recession in Q1 and real GDP to expand by 4% this year.
Outcome: Consensus expectations for Q1 output have been revised down from 0.6% q/q at the start of the year to -0.8% recently. Forecasts for the 2021 growth have been downgraded from 4.6% to 4.2%.
In 2021 monitor fiscal policy, jobs and savings
We said: Fiscal support will tighten next year, but “cliff edges” will be avoided. We expect authorities, even in the financially-constrained EA periphery, to stand ready to roll over furlough schemes, public guarantee schemes and loan moratoria until the pick-up in activity gathers pace in 2021H2.
Outcome: EA governments have continued to roll over all measures, explicitly acknowledging “cliff edge” risks in case of abrupt phase out of fiscal support.
The Fed shortened timeline
We said: From our perspective, the rebound looks rapid enough that by the time 2022 comes to an end, a 0.125% funds rate will be too low even for the FOMC.
Outcome: Market continues to move in this direction, so too with our expectation of “taper” by the end of 2021.
Growth-to-Value rotation (especially in small caps)
We said: Rising yields to spur Growth-Value rotation, again. As regards the Growth-to-Value rotation, the latest attempt was predicated on expectations of a "blue wave" in the US election, which failed to materialize. But a vaccine may succeed where hopes of a large fiscal stimulus did not, namely, by delivering a sustained and faster-than-previously-thought recovery in growth, employment and inflation. All this points to higher yields, which would be good for Financials - still the largest US sector by net income terms, if not market cap. And with consumer and business behaviour likely to normalize, all sectors that have been hit hard by the pandemic (hotels, restaurants, airlines, physical retail etc.) should also begin to recover.
Outcome: S&P 500 (large caps) Value +15%, Growth +6% ; Russell 2000 (small caps) Value + 39%, Growth +24%.
Energy, Financials to outperform; Utilities, Real Estate, Consumer Staples to underperform
We said: Utilities, Real Estate and Staples do well amid declining yields, while Financials (especially Banks) and Energy do better when yields are rising. This chart below shows which sectors are likely to benefit the most in an environment of rising yields. It shows the beta of sector returns relative to the index vs the total returns of US Treasuries. A positive beta means that a sector outperforms the index when UST returns are positive (yields fall); a negative beta means underperformance. Interestingly, yields have no significant bearing on Tech in our analysis.
Outcome: S&P 500 Energy +56%, Banks +36%; Utilities -8%, Staples – 1%, Real Estate +3%.
Industrial commodities to outperform gold
We said: If history is any guide, industrials are more likely to catch up with gold rather than the other way around. This would be consistent with a powerful turnaround in the global cycle, validating expectations for a steeper yield curve.
Outcome: Gold/CRB Industrials ratio down sharply, exceeding our expectations.
The K-shaped recovery in the euro area
We said: Euro area’s K-shaped recovery means German outperformance, struggling services but resilient manufacturing, and rising input costs but falling output prices.
Outcome: Germany continues to outperform the EA. Manufacturing is resilient while the services sector remains fragile. Margin pressure on producers has worsened over the last year and is the most intense since the EA debt crisis.
A hawkish PBOC
We said: While nominal total credit growth could still accelerate in Q3/20 owing to large-scale government bond issuance, it could start to peak out thereafter. Easier monetary policy is behind us and there is far less room for interest rate cuts. We now expect no change in MLF rates for the rest of 2020.
Outcome: Total credit growth peaked out in October at 13.7%. No rate cut after August in 2020.
RMB Bulls
We said: RMB bias to appreciate: China’s growth prospects remain on track, while the renminbi has held up well this year compared with most other currencies. At the same time, the PBoC has turned to more cautious easing, while the government uses fiscal policy to boost activity and fight deflation. Domestic fundamentals therefore remain supportive for the currency.
Outcome: See Chart - RMB Exchange Rates
Anticipating oil correction
We said: For the time being… we feel that a wait-and-see stance is warranted as the sustainability of the market’s advance is bound to come under more scrutiny.
Outcome: Prices rose another 6% in the following three weeks, then corrected lower by 18% over the next two months.
Fed Forecast
We Said: The inflation lessons of the expansion and demands to be responsive to minority employment mean the Fed’s new framework is employment first, and foremost. In the coming cycle, they will simply let employment run until inflation starts to rise. They give themselves the right to do this because the 2% ceiling is now a long-term average, and there have been many years with inflation under 2%. In the meantime, the essential promise of this policy is that the Fed is going to stay out of the way once the growth cycle takes hold.
Outcome: The above policy was officially announced by Powell at Jackson Hole a month later.
Buy China and EM on liquidity
We said: The positive impact of a weak dollar on EM currencies and assets is likely to moderate, but rising liquidity and easing of lockdown restrictions will nonetheless provide a boost for markets, even as lack of preparedness for a second wave remains a significant risk.
Outcome: Equity markets in China and EM ex-China continued to rally in June and July before starting to trade sideways in August.
Buy China, Korea and Taiwan
We said: China was first-in the Covid-19 crisis and would be first out. Korea and Taiwan also stood out for the management of the pandemic, their close linkages to China, and the weight of Tech in their stock market indices. In our AA model portfolio we’ve been o/w China Equities since March, and Korea and Taiwan since May.
Outcome: China equities are up 48% (in USD terms) since March; Korea and Taiwan by 34% and 31% since May, respectively – outperforming the MSCI-ex US, which rose 36% and 18% over these periods. (Performance as of 23-Oct-2020.)
Oil bottoming out
We said: Hard to see prices staying so low (and the contango so wide) for long, even as further downside volatility cannot be ruled out… By this time next year, do not be surprised if the market’s focus has shifted to upside oil price risks… the playbook might be different, but the cycle will still play out.
Outcome: Market turned around, prices now already back at January 2020 levels.
Overweight Korea Equities and FX
We said: In April, we forecasted the economic outperformance of Korea and Taiwan based on; covid containment, electronic component-heavy exports and proximity to China and its recovery. We doubled down on our projections for East Asian economic strength in July. Ahead of the US election, we added a further structural driver to Korean and Taiwanese growth – the tech war – which promises to boost demand for Asian high end electronic components.
Outcome: We went overweight Korean and Taiwanese equities in May 2020 and have been long the KRW in Macro Strategy since June. MSCI TW is the top performing index globally with MSCI KR just behind. As of 18/11/20 Our KRW trade is up 7.42%.
Deflation, not inflation the threat
We said: A large negative output gap, huge labour income losses, and a sharp rise in uncertainty and precautionary savings will keep inflationary pressures subdued in the euro area for longer. Surging money and credit growth – usually considered precursors to rapid economic growth – mask fragile underlying credit trends.
Outcome: Inflation has missed consensus forecasts since the pandemic. Inflation expectations for this year (according to a Bloomberg Survey) have been revised lower from 1% to 0.3%.
Oil price war: Saudi to blink first
We said: Saudi Arabia cannot afford it, and the collapsing demand environment is completely unfit for a volume vs price strategy. The war will be over by June – i.e. replaced by renewed supply-side restraint, supporting an oil price recovery.
Outcome: We were right, only too conservative on the timing: the Saudis folded five weeks later with the new OPEC+ agreement on 12 April slashing production by 25%.
Covid-19 to be demand shock, how policy should respond
We said: The Covid-19 pandemic will damage domestic demand, especially services. Countries in the EA periphery are the most exposed. Limiting the transmission of negative spill overs to firms’ cash flows and to employment is crucial to avoid more serious medium-term damage from contagion. Fiscal policy will need to be stepped up significantly. Don’t write off ECB easing: serious discussions about changing the ECB’s self-imposed limits on ECB QE should be on the cards by now.
Outcome: Domestic demand collapsed, led by services, especially in tourist-dependent EA periphery. EA consensus growth forecasts for this year were revised down from 1% to -8%. EA governments strengthened or introduced income/employment support programmes and provided liquidity to firms via guaranteed loans and equity injections causing national budget deficits to widen dramatically. Few days later, the ECB launched new liquidity measures including a €750bn asset purchase programme – the PEPP – to which the traditional asset purchase constraints did not apply.
Fed Cut Coming
We said: Called 75BP cut in funds rate.
Outcome: Fed cut rates 75BP the next Monday.
India lockdown catastrophe
We said: We highlighted that India could not afford the nationwide lockdown that it had implemented that day, and that there would be devastating effects for the economy.
Outcome: India's GDP shrank by the largest amount among G20 countries in the April-June quarter, and continued to contract sharply in the July-September quarter. Meanwhile, the number of daily virus cases jumped to the highest in the world, and India has become the 2nd most infected country after the US.
Banks to ignore repo markets
We said: Banks would not lend into repo markets as Fed planned during periods of bank stress.
Outcome: Banks did not lend, precipitating huge expansion of the Fed into repo markets beginning late March.
Disinflation convergence
We said: CPI and PPI will slowly converge to 0-1% in early 2021.
Outcome: Chinese PPI deflation rebounded from -2.1% in September 2020 to 0.3% in January. CPI declined from 1.7% in September 2020 to -0.3% in January.
Flee MENA sovereign debt
We said: We put up a red flag going up for MENA sovereign debt. Said clients should get out of higher yield bonds, particularly Oman, flee to “blue chip” MENA sovereign credit. Why? Post-2011 political order much more insecure than it appears, so much so that new revenue raising will be impossible and costs will continue to rise.
Outcome: Lebanon defaulted in March 2020, Oman was the worst performer in the region in 2020. Peripheral MENA sovereigns have generally performed poorly relative to blue-chip sovereigns.